Journal Article

A higher-Order Gratitude Uniquely Predicts Subjective Well-Being: Incremental Validity Above the Personality and a Single Gratitude

Lin, Chih-Che

2014

Overview

This main purpose of this study tests whether a higher-order gratitude compassing multi-components (e.g., thank others, thank God, cherish blessings, appreciate hardship, and cherish the moment) explains variances in subjective well-being including life satisfaction and positive affect after controlling for gender, age, religion, the Big Five personality traits (e.g., openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism), and a single gratitude. A total of 504 undergraduate participants were recruited to completed five inventories measuring the variables of interest. The higher-order gratitude made a significant unique contribution to life satisfaction (10 % of the variance, p < .001) and positive affect (2 % of the variance, p < .001) beyond th effects e of demographic variables, the Big Five personality traits, and a single gratitude. This is consistent with the theoretical stance that the higher-order gratitude is more than just the Big Five personality traits or a single gratitude and is important in its own right for subjective well-being. Furthermore, it implies a multi-components gratitude is in deed different from a unifactorial gratitude and it seems more reasonable that trait gratitude is a higher-order construct including lower-order components.

• Publisher: Springer,Springer Netherlands,Springer Nature B.V
• Subject: Academic Achievement / Agreeableness / Biological and medical sciences / Blessings / Clinical psychology / Cognitive psychology / Conscientiousness / Deeds / Emotions / Extraversion / Extroversion / Five factor model / Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology / God / Gratitude / Happiness / Human Geography / Life Satisfaction / Microeconomics / Mindfulness / Neuroticism / Openness / Personality / Personality psychology / Personality Traits / Personality. Affectivity / Positive emotions / Positivism / Psychological research / Psychology / Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry / Psychology. Psychophysiology / Public Health / Quality of Life Research / Questionnaires / Religion / Religions / Resistance (Psychology) / Sex / Social psychology / Social research / Social Sciences / Sociodemographic Factors / Sociology / Spirituality / Studies / Subjectivity / Teacher Improvement / Undergraduate Students / Validity / Variables / Variance / Well Being / Wellbeing