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Phenylacetic acid, an anti-vaginitis metabolite produced by the vaginal symbiotic bacterium Chryseobacterium gleum
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Phenylacetic acid, an anti-vaginitis metabolite produced by the vaginal symbiotic bacterium Chryseobacterium gleum
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Journal Article
Phenylacetic acid, an anti-vaginitis metabolite produced by the vaginal symbiotic bacterium Chryseobacterium gleum
2024
Overview
The human microbiome contains genetic information that regulates metabolic processes in response to host health and disease. While acidic vaginal pH is maintained in normal conditions, the pH level increases in infectious vaginitis. We propose that this change in the vaginal environment triggers the biosynthesis of anti-vaginitis metabolites. Gene expression levels of
Chryseobacterium gleum
, a vaginal symbiotic bacterium, were found to be affected by pH changes. The distinctive difference in the metabolic profiles between two
C. gleum
cultures incubated under acidic and neutral pH conditions was suggested to be an anti-vaginitis molecule, which was identified as phenylacetic acid (PAA) by spectroscopic data analysis. The antimicrobial activity of PAA was evaluated in vitro, showing greater toxicity toward
Gardnerella vaginalis
and
Candida albicans
, two major vaginal pathogens, relative to commensal
Lactobacillus
spp. The activation of myeloperoxidase, prostaglandin E
2
, and nuclear factor-κB, and the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 were reduced by an intravaginal administration of PAA in the vaginitis mouse model. In addition, PAA displayed the downregulation of mast cell activation. Therefore, PAA was suggested to be a messenger molecule that mediates interactions between the human microbiome and vaginal health.
Publisher
Nature Publishing Group UK,Nature Publishing Group,Nature Portfolio
Subject
/ Animals
/ Candida albicans - drug effects
/ Candida albicans - metabolism
/ Chryseobacterium - metabolism
/ Female
/ Gardnerella vaginalis - drug effects
/ Gardnerella vaginalis - metabolism
/ Humanities and Social Sciences
/ Humans
/ Mice
/ Phenylacetates - pharmacology
/ Science
/ Toxicity
/ Vagina
