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Contrasting genomic epidemiology between sympatric Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax populations
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Contrasting genomic epidemiology between sympatric Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax populations
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Journal Article
Contrasting genomic epidemiology between sympatric Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax populations
2024
Overview
The malaria parasites
Plasmodium falciparum
and
Plasmodium vivax
differ in key biological processes and associated clinical effects, but consequences on population-level transmission dynamics are difficult to predict. This co-endemic malaria study from Guyana details important epidemiological contrasts between the species by coupling population genomics (1396 spatiotemporally matched parasite genomes, primarily from 2020–21) with sociodemographic analysis (nationwide patient census from 2019). We describe how
P. falciparum
forms large, interrelated subpopulations that sporadically expand but generally exhibit restrained dispersal, whereby spatial distance and patient travel statistics predict parasite identity-by-descent (IBD). Case bias towards working-age adults is also strongly pronounced.
P. vivax
exhibits 46% higher average nucleotide diversity (π) and 6.5x lower average IBD. It occupies a wider geographic range, without evidence for outbreak-like expansions, only microgeographic patterns of isolation-by-distance, and weaker case bias towards adults. Possible latency-relapse effects also manifest in various analyses. For example, 11.0% of patients diagnosed with
P. vivax
in Greater Georgetown report no recent travel to endemic zones, and
P. vivax
clones recur in 11 of 46 patients incidentally sampled twice during the study. Polyclonality rate is also 2.1x higher than in
P. falciparum
, does not trend positively with estimated incidence, and correlates uniquely to selected demographics. We discuss possible underlying mechanisms and implications for malaria control.
P. falciparum
and
vivax
are responsible for most cases of malaria but are not genetically closely related and differ in their clinical and epidemiological impacts. In this study, the authors investigate the genomic and epidemiological characteristics of the two parasites in a co-endemic setting of Guyana.
Publisher
Nature Publishing Group UK,Nature Publishing Group,Nature Portfolio
Subject
/ Adult
/ Adults
/ Bias
/ Child
/ Female
/ Genome, Protozoan - genetics
/ Genomics
/ Humanities and Social Sciences
/ Humans
/ Latency
/ Malaria
/ Malaria, Falciparum - epidemiology
/ Malaria, Falciparum - parasitology
/ Malaria, Falciparum - transmission
/ Malaria, Vivax - epidemiology
/ Malaria, Vivax - parasitology
/ Malaria, Vivax - transmission
/ Male
/ Plasmodium falciparum - genetics
/ Science
/ Sympatry
/ Travel
