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Dnmt1 and Dnmt3a maintain DNA methylation and regulate synaptic function in adult forebrain neurons
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Dnmt1 and Dnmt3a maintain DNA methylation and regulate synaptic function in adult forebrain neurons
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Journal Article
Dnmt1 and Dnmt3a maintain DNA methylation and regulate synaptic function in adult forebrain neurons
2010
Overview
In dividing cells, the epigenetic mechanism of DNA methylation is catalyzed by enzymes that maintain DNA methylation or act as a
de novo
methyltransferase. In this study, the authors find that DNA methyltransferases Dnmt1 and 3a have an active role in the maintenance of DNA methylation in postmitotic excitatory neurons. Results indicate that there is a redundancy between the two enzymes in neurons and that DNA methylation is essential for normal synaptic plasticity and memory formation.
Dnmt1 and Dnmt3a are important DNA methyltransferases that are expressed in postmitotic neurons, but their function in the CNS is unclear. We generated conditional mutant mice that lack
Dnmt1
,
Dnmt3a
or both exclusively in forebrain excitatory neurons and found that only double knockout (DKO) mice showed abnormal long-term plasticity in the hippocampal CA1 region together with deficits in learning and memory. Although we found no neuronal loss, hippocampal neurons in DKO mice were smaller than in the wild type; furthermore, DKO neurons showed deregulated expression of genes, including the class I MHC genes and
Stat1
, that are known to contribute to synaptic plasticity. In addition, we observed a significant decrease in DNA methylation in DKO neurons. We conclude that Dnmt1 and Dnmt3a are required for synaptic plasticity, learning and memory through their overlapping roles in maintaining DNA methylation and modulating neuronal gene expression in adult CNS neurons.
Publisher
Nature Publishing Group US,Nature Publishing Group
Subject
/ Animal Genetics and Genomics
/ Animals
/ Biomedical and Life Sciences
/ DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferase 1
/ DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferases - deficiency
/ DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferases - genetics
/ DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferases - physiology
/ Female
/ Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental
/ Male
/ Mice
