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The functional diversity of retinal ganglion cells in the mouse
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The functional diversity of retinal ganglion cells in the mouse
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Journal Article
The functional diversity of retinal ganglion cells in the mouse
2016
Overview
In the vertebrate visual system, all output of the retina is carried by retinal ganglion cells. Each type encodes distinct visual features in parallel for transmission to the brain. How many such ‘output channels’ exist and what each encodes are areas of intense debate. In the mouse, anatomical estimates range from 15 to 20 channels, and only a handful are functionally understood. By combining two-photon calcium imaging to obtain dense retinal recordings and unsupervised clustering of the resulting sample of more than 11,000 cells, here we show that the mouse retina harbours substantially more than 30 functional output channels. These include all known and several new ganglion cell types, as verified by genetic and anatomical criteria. Therefore, information channels from the mouse eye to the mouse brain are considerably more diverse than shown thus far by anatomical studies, suggesting an encoding strategy resembling that used in state-of-the-art artificial vision systems.
Two-photon calcium imaging reveals that the mouse retina contains more than 30 functionally distinct retinal ganglion cells, including some that have not been described before, exceeding current estimates and suggesting that the functional diversity of retinal ganglion cells may be much larger than previously thought.
Multiple retinal ganglion cell types
Retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) convey visual information from the retina to the brain. How many types of RGC exist and how they should be classified have been long-standing questions. Thomas Euler and colleagues used two-photon calcium imaging to record responses to stimuli in more than 11,000 cells in a patch of the mouse ganglion cell layer, and applied unsupervised clustering of the resulting data. This revealed that the mouse retina harbours more than 30 distinct functional RGC types, including several that have not been described before. This number substantially exceeds current estimates and indicates that the functional diversity of RGCs is greater than previously thought.
Publisher
Nature Publishing Group UK,Nature Publishing Group
