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Plancitoxin-1 mediates extracellular trap evasion by the parasitic helminth Trichinella spiralis
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Plancitoxin-1 mediates extracellular trap evasion by the parasitic helminth Trichinella spiralis
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Journal Article
Plancitoxin-1 mediates extracellular trap evasion by the parasitic helminth Trichinella spiralis
2024
Overview
Background
Trichinella spiralis
(
T. spiralis
) is a parasitic helminth that causes a globally prevalent neglected zoonotic disease, and worms at different developmental stages (muscle larvae, adult worms, newborn larvae) induce immune attack at different infection sites, causing serious harm to host health. Several innate immune cells release extracellular traps (ETs) to entrap and kill most pathogens that invade the body. In response, some unicellular pathogens have evolved a strategy to escape capture by ETs through the secretion of nucleases, but few related studies have investigated multicellular helminths.
Results
In the present study, we observed that ETs from neutrophils capture adult worms of
T. spiralis
, while ETs from macrophages trap muscle larvae and newborn larvae, and ETs had a killing effect on parasites in vitro. To defend against this immune attack,
T. spiralis
secretes plancitoxin-1, a DNase II-like protein, to degrade ETs and escape capture, which is essential for the survival of
T. spiralis
in the host.
Conclusions
In summary, these findings demonstrate that
T. spiralis
escapes ET-mediated capture by secreting deoxyribonuclease as a potential conserved immune evasion mechanism, and plancitoxin-1 could be used as a potential vaccine candidate.
Publisher
BioMed Central,BioMed Central Ltd,Springer Nature B.V,BMC
Subject
/ Animals
/ Biomedical and Life Sciences
/ Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid
/ Extracellular Traps - immunology
/ Extracellular Traps - metabolism
/ Helminth Proteins - metabolism
/ Larvae
/ Mice
/ Muscles
/ Nuclease
/ Trichinella spiralis - immunology
/ Trichinella spiralis - physiology
/ Worms
/ Zoonoses
