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Bioenergetic reprogramming of macrophages reduces drug tolerance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis
by
Sreedharan, Sreesa
, Singh, Amit
, Yadav, Vikas
, Rajmani, Raju S.
, Shandil, Radha K.
, Thacker, Vivek V.
, Mishra, Richa
, Shanmugam, Siva
, Malhotra, Nitish
, Narayanan, Shridhar
, Jolly, Mohit Kumar
, Laxman, Sunil
, Seshasayee, Aswin Sai Narain
, Sahoo, Sarthak
in
13/1
/ 13/106
/ 13/31
/ 14/19
/ 38/90
/ 38/91
/ 631/250/254
/ 631/250/255/1856
/ 631/326/421
/ 64/60
/ Animals
/ Antitubercular Agents - pharmacology
/ Bacteria
/ Bioenergetics
/ Biosensors
/ Drug interaction
/ Drug metabolism
/ Drug Tolerance
/ Effectiveness
/ Electron transport
/ Energy Metabolism - drug effects
/ Female
/ Flow cytometry
/ Fluorescence
/ Genetic analysis
/ Glycolysis
/ Glycolysis - drug effects
/ Heterogeneity
/ Humanities and Social Sciences
/ Humans
/ Infections
/ Intracellular
/ Macrophages
/ Macrophages - drug effects
/ Macrophages - metabolism
/ Macrophages - microbiology
/ Meclizine
/ Metabolism
/ Mice
/ Mice, Inbred C57BL
/ Mitochondria - drug effects
/ Mitochondria - metabolism
/ multidisciplinary
/ Mycobacterium tuberculosis
/ Mycobacterium tuberculosis - drug effects
/ Mycobacterium tuberculosis - genetics
/ Mycobacterium tuberculosis - metabolism
/ NF-E2-Related Factor 2 - genetics
/ NF-E2-Related Factor 2 - metabolism
/ Nitric oxide
/ Oxidation-Reduction - drug effects
/ Oxidative phosphorylation
/ Oxidative Phosphorylation - drug effects
/ Oxidative stress
/ Oxidative Stress - drug effects
/ Phosphorylation
/ Principal components analysis
/ Reactive Oxygen Species - metabolism
/ Redox properties
/ Science
/ Science (multidisciplinary)
/ Transcriptomics
/ Tuberculosis
/ Tuberculosis - drug therapy
/ Tuberculosis - microbiology
2025
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Bioenergetic reprogramming of macrophages reduces drug tolerance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis
by
Sreedharan, Sreesa
, Singh, Amit
, Yadav, Vikas
, Rajmani, Raju S.
, Shandil, Radha K.
, Thacker, Vivek V.
, Mishra, Richa
, Shanmugam, Siva
, Malhotra, Nitish
, Narayanan, Shridhar
, Jolly, Mohit Kumar
, Laxman, Sunil
, Seshasayee, Aswin Sai Narain
, Sahoo, Sarthak
in
13/1
/ 13/106
/ 13/31
/ 14/19
/ 38/90
/ 38/91
/ 631/250/254
/ 631/250/255/1856
/ 631/326/421
/ 64/60
/ Animals
/ Antitubercular Agents - pharmacology
/ Bacteria
/ Bioenergetics
/ Biosensors
/ Drug interaction
/ Drug metabolism
/ Drug Tolerance
/ Effectiveness
/ Electron transport
/ Energy Metabolism - drug effects
/ Female
/ Flow cytometry
/ Fluorescence
/ Genetic analysis
/ Glycolysis
/ Glycolysis - drug effects
/ Heterogeneity
/ Humanities and Social Sciences
/ Humans
/ Infections
/ Intracellular
/ Macrophages
/ Macrophages - drug effects
/ Macrophages - metabolism
/ Macrophages - microbiology
/ Meclizine
/ Metabolism
/ Mice
/ Mice, Inbred C57BL
/ Mitochondria - drug effects
/ Mitochondria - metabolism
/ multidisciplinary
/ Mycobacterium tuberculosis
/ Mycobacterium tuberculosis - drug effects
/ Mycobacterium tuberculosis - genetics
/ Mycobacterium tuberculosis - metabolism
/ NF-E2-Related Factor 2 - genetics
/ NF-E2-Related Factor 2 - metabolism
/ Nitric oxide
/ Oxidation-Reduction - drug effects
/ Oxidative phosphorylation
/ Oxidative Phosphorylation - drug effects
/ Oxidative stress
/ Oxidative Stress - drug effects
/ Phosphorylation
/ Principal components analysis
/ Reactive Oxygen Species - metabolism
/ Redox properties
/ Science
/ Science (multidisciplinary)
/ Transcriptomics
/ Tuberculosis
/ Tuberculosis - drug therapy
/ Tuberculosis - microbiology
2025
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Bioenergetic reprogramming of macrophages reduces drug tolerance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis
by
Sreedharan, Sreesa
, Singh, Amit
, Yadav, Vikas
, Rajmani, Raju S.
, Shandil, Radha K.
, Thacker, Vivek V.
, Mishra, Richa
, Shanmugam, Siva
, Malhotra, Nitish
, Narayanan, Shridhar
, Jolly, Mohit Kumar
, Laxman, Sunil
, Seshasayee, Aswin Sai Narain
, Sahoo, Sarthak
in
13/1
/ 13/106
/ 13/31
/ 14/19
/ 38/90
/ 38/91
/ 631/250/254
/ 631/250/255/1856
/ 631/326/421
/ 64/60
/ Animals
/ Antitubercular Agents - pharmacology
/ Bacteria
/ Bioenergetics
/ Biosensors
/ Drug interaction
/ Drug metabolism
/ Drug Tolerance
/ Effectiveness
/ Electron transport
/ Energy Metabolism - drug effects
/ Female
/ Flow cytometry
/ Fluorescence
/ Genetic analysis
/ Glycolysis
/ Glycolysis - drug effects
/ Heterogeneity
/ Humanities and Social Sciences
/ Humans
/ Infections
/ Intracellular
/ Macrophages
/ Macrophages - drug effects
/ Macrophages - metabolism
/ Macrophages - microbiology
/ Meclizine
/ Metabolism
/ Mice
/ Mice, Inbred C57BL
/ Mitochondria - drug effects
/ Mitochondria - metabolism
/ multidisciplinary
/ Mycobacterium tuberculosis
/ Mycobacterium tuberculosis - drug effects
/ Mycobacterium tuberculosis - genetics
/ Mycobacterium tuberculosis - metabolism
/ NF-E2-Related Factor 2 - genetics
/ NF-E2-Related Factor 2 - metabolism
/ Nitric oxide
/ Oxidation-Reduction - drug effects
/ Oxidative phosphorylation
/ Oxidative Phosphorylation - drug effects
/ Oxidative stress
/ Oxidative Stress - drug effects
/ Phosphorylation
/ Principal components analysis
/ Reactive Oxygen Species - metabolism
/ Redox properties
/ Science
/ Science (multidisciplinary)
/ Transcriptomics
/ Tuberculosis
/ Tuberculosis - drug therapy
/ Tuberculosis - microbiology
2025
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Bioenergetic reprogramming of macrophages reduces drug tolerance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Journal Article
Bioenergetic reprogramming of macrophages reduces drug tolerance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis
2025
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Overview
Effective clearance of
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
(
Mtb
) requires targeting drug-tolerant populations within host macrophages. Here, we show that macrophage metabolic states govern redox heterogeneity and drug response in intracellular
Mtb
. Using a redox-sensitive fluorescent reporter (Mrx1-roGFP2), flow cytometry, and transcriptomics, we found that macrophages with high oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and low glycolysis harbor reductive, drug-tolerant
Mtb
, whereas glycolytically active macrophages generate mitochondrial ROS via reverse electron transport, imposing oxidative stress on
Mtb
and enhancing drug efficacy. Computational and genetic analyses identified NRF2 as a key regulator linking host metabolism to bacterial redox state and drug tolerance. Pharmacological reprogramming of macrophages with the FDA-approved drug meclizine (MEC) shifted metabolism towards glycolysis, suppressed redox heterogeneity, and reduced
Mtb
drug tolerance in macrophages and mice. MEC exhibited no adverse interactions with frontline anti-TB drugs. These findings demonstrate the therapeutic potential of host metabolic reprogramming to overcome
Mtb
drug tolerance.
In
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
infection, both the bacterium and the macrophages exhibit phenotypic diversity. Here, the authors show that macrophage metabolic states control redox heterogeneity and drug response in intracellular
M. tuberculosis
.
Publisher
Nature Publishing Group UK,Nature Publishing Group,Nature Portfolio
Subject
/ 13/106
/ 13/31
/ 14/19
/ 38/90
/ 38/91
/ 64/60
/ Animals
/ Antitubercular Agents - pharmacology
/ Bacteria
/ Energy Metabolism - drug effects
/ Female
/ Humanities and Social Sciences
/ Humans
/ Mice
/ Mycobacterium tuberculosis - drug effects
/ Mycobacterium tuberculosis - genetics
/ Mycobacterium tuberculosis - metabolism
/ NF-E2-Related Factor 2 - genetics
/ NF-E2-Related Factor 2 - metabolism
/ Oxidation-Reduction - drug effects
/ Oxidative Phosphorylation - drug effects
/ Oxidative Stress - drug effects
/ Principal components analysis
/ Reactive Oxygen Species - metabolism
/ Science
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