Journal Article

Volatile-Based Diagnosis for Pathogenic Wood-Rot Fungus Fulvifomes siamensis by Electronic Nose (E-Nose) and Solid-Phase Microextraction/Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry

Mutwil, Marek, Lee, Daryl, Tan, Jhing Yein, Fong, Yok King, Hong, Yan, Zhang, Ziteng, Izzah, Hazirah Junin

2023

Overview

Wood rot fungus Fulvifomes siamensis infects multiple urban tree species commonly planted in Singapore. A commercial e-nose (Cyranose 320) was used to differentiate some plant and fungi volatiles. The e-nose distinctly clustered the volatiles at 0.25 ppm, and this sensitivity was further increased to 0.05 ppm with the use of nitrogen gas to purge the system and set up the baseline. Nitrogen gas baseline resulted in a higher magnitude of sensor responses and a higher number of responsive sensors. The specificity of the e-nose for F. siamensis was demonstrated by distinctive clustering of its pure culture, fruiting bodies collected from different tree species, and in diseased tissues infected by F. siamensis with a 15-min incubation time. This good specificity was supported by the unique volatile profiles revealed by SPME GC-MS analysis, which also identified the signature volatile for F. siamensis—1,2,4,5-tetrachloro-3,6-dimethoxybenzene. In field conditions, the e-nose successfully identified F. siamensis fruiting bodies on different tree species. The findings of concentration-based clustering and host-tree-specific volatile profiles for fruiting bodies provide further insights into the complexity of volatile-based diagnosis that should be taken into consideration for future studies.

• Publisher: MDPI AG,MDPI
• Subject: Bar codes / Chromatography / Cyranose 320 / Discriminant analysis / Discrimination / Electronic Nose / electronic nose (e-nose) / Foot Rot / Fulvifomes siamensis / Fungi / Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry - methods / Infections / Lignin / Machine learning / Mass spectrometry / Morphology / Nitrogen / Odorants - analysis / Pathogens / Plant diseases / Scientific imaging / Sensors / signature volatile / Solid Phase Microextraction - methods / SPME GC-MS / Trees / VOCs / Volatile organic compounds / Volatile Organic Compounds - analysis / volatile-based diagnosis / Wood - chemistry