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Enzymatically responsive nanocarriers targeting PD-1 and TGF-β pathways reverse immunotherapeutic resistance and elicit robust therapeutic efficacy
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Enzymatically responsive nanocarriers targeting PD-1 and TGF-β pathways reverse immunotherapeutic resistance and elicit robust therapeutic efficacy
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Journal Article
Enzymatically responsive nanocarriers targeting PD-1 and TGF-β pathways reverse immunotherapeutic resistance and elicit robust therapeutic efficacy
2025
Overview
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionized lung cancer treatment, yet resistance remains a challenge. Co-inhibition of PD-1/PD-L1 and TGF-β shows promise but faces limited efficacy and systemic toxicity. We developed gelatinase-responsive nanoparticles (GPNPs) delivering anti-PD-1 antibody (αPD-1) and TGF-β receptor I inhibitor galunisertib (Gal). GPNPs effectively inhibit tumor progression without observed side effects. Immune profiling by cytometry assay reveals robust recruitment of both activated and exhausted tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and macrophages. Transcriptomic analysis indicates extracellular matrix modulation, supported by reduced collagen deposition and αSMA expression. Fate mapping demonstrates attenuation of Pdgfrα
+
fibroblast transition to αSMA myofibroblasts, potentially reversing “immune-exclusive” status. This study validates GPNPs as a promising lung cancer immunotherapy platform, offering mechanistic insights for clinical translation and therapeutic enhancement.
Publisher
BioMed Central,Springer Nature B.V,BMC
Subject
/ Chemistry and Materials Science
/ Drug Resistance, Neoplasm - drug effects
/ Female
/ Humans
/ Immune checkpoint inhibitors
/ Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors - pharmacology
/ Lung Neoplasms - drug therapy
/ Mice
/ Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor - antagonists & inhibitors
/ Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor - metabolism
/ Signal Transduction - drug effects
/ Toxicity
/ Transforming Growth Factor beta - antagonists & inhibitors
/ Transforming Growth Factor beta - metabolism
/ Transforming growth factor-b
/ Transforming growth factor-β
/ Transmission electron microscopy
/ Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes
/ Tumors
