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Genomic landscape of virus-associated cancers
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Genomic landscape of virus-associated cancers
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Journal Article
Genomic landscape of virus-associated cancers
2025
Overview
It has been estimated that 15%-20% of human cancers are attributable to infections, mostly by carcinogenic viruses. The incidence varies worldwide, with a majority affecting developing countries. Here, we conduct a comparative analysis of virus-positive and virus-negative tumors in nine cancers linked to five viruses. We observe a higher frequency of virus-positive tumors in males, with notable geographic differences in incidence. Our genomic analysis of 1971 tumors reveals a lower somatic burden, distinct mutation signatures, and driver gene mutations in virus-positive tumors. Compared to virus-negative cases, virus-positive cases have fewer mutations of
TP53, CDKN2
A, and deletions of 9p21.3/
CDKN2
A-
CDKN1A
while exhibiting more mutations in RNA helicases
DDX3X
and
EIF4A1
. Furthermore, an analysis of clinical trials of PD-(L)1 inhibitors suggests an association of virus-positivity with higher treatment response rate, particularly evident in gastric cancer and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Both cancer types also show evidence of increased CD8 + T cell infiltration and T cell receptor clonal selection in virus-positive tumors. These results illustrate the epidemiological, genetic, and therapeutic trends across virus-associated malignancies.
Virus-associated cancers remain prevalent worldwide, particularly in developing countries. Here, the authors analyse epidemiological, genetic, and therapeutic trends across nine types of virus-associated cancers, finding that virus-positive tumours are associated with specific demographic and mutational features as well as treatment response rates.
Publisher
Nature Publishing Group UK,Nature Publishing Group,Nature Portfolio
Subject
/ Age
/ Cancer
/ CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes - immunology
/ Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16 - genetics
/ Female
/ Females
/ Genomics
/ Glioma
/ Humanities and Social Sciences
/ Humans
/ LDCs
/ Leukemia
/ Lymphoma
/ Male
/ Mutation
/ Oncogenic Viruses - genetics
/ Ratios
/ Science
/ Trends
/ Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 - genetics
/ Tumors
/ Viruses
